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How to Cite Sources and Avoid Plagiarism


Research Ethics

Any intentional or unintentional attempt to steal or pass off the ideas or words of another person is plagiarism.  Bluntly, plagiarism is literary theft.  You must give credit to all ideas, language, thoughts, and opinions that are not your own.  For your clarification, plagiarism also includes the following: 

Obtaining a pre-written paper either by mail or electronically regardless if the paper is “free” or “purchased”
Allowing someone else to write any part of a paper for you
Paying someone else to write a paper for you
Submitting as your own someone else’s unpublished work, either with or without their permission
                                                                                                             

To help you avoid literary theft, please refer to a specific citation guide, such as APA, MLA, Chicago, or Turabian.  Below are links to some examples which will help you format your sources. 

Columbia State’s
Code of Academic Misconduct

2005-2006 Catalog and Student Handbook (PDF)
page 86
(go to page "94 of 117" in the PDF file)

Plagiarism, cheating and other forms of academic dishonesty are prohibited.  Students guilty of academic misconduct, either directly or indirectly through participation or assistance, are immediately responsible to the instructor of the class.  In addition to other possible disciplinary sanctions that may be imposed through the regular institutional procedures as a result of academic misconduct the instructor has the authority to assign an “F” or “zero” for the exercise or examination, or to assign an “F” in the course.

For assistance with citing articles from the library's article databases,  look at this list of help links in the databases themselves.

For questions about citing other online sources, consult the Online! Citation Styles Index for help. 

Other sites that may be helpful include: 

Internet Public Library’s Style and Guides

Citing Electronic Information in History Papers – Excellent! from Maurice Crouse, History Professor at the University of Memphis

 
The Library of Congress guide to citing electronic sources explains how to cite different types of online media formats, including films, pictures, legal documents, and reproductions of texts.

 Uncle Sam - Brief Guide to Citing Government Publications explains citing of various sorts of government publications, including electronic sources.

Below are links to examples of five of the most popular citation styles for the most requested material types.  Please consult the specific style manuals for clarifications, changes, and additional information.  Citation styles change frequently, especially for the citation of electronic sources.  ALWAYS refer to your style manual for confirmation or clarification questions. 

Examples for Books & E-books
Examples for Journal & Magazine Articles, both paper and from an article database
Examples for Newspaper Articles, both paper and from an article database
Examples for Web Sites

 

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Last Updated 16 May 2008

   

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